HISTORY OF OIL PALM IN INDONESIA

Currently , palm oil are important for the Indonesian economy . As a strategic commodity in meeting the needs of the domestic oil and gas outside the largest foreign exchange earner . Even though this plant is very suitable to grow and flourish in almost all parts of Indonesia , but palm oil is not a native plant from Indonesia . The new crop is grown commercially around 1911.
Nonetheless , word of the oil has been around a long time . Some places or village existing in Java using the name " Palm " before palm into Indonesia in 1848 , when it was planted in the Bogor Botanical Gardens . In Javanese Kawi " oil " means sidhakep ( necklace ) . Another name in the Java language is coconut sewu and in Sundanese language is often referred to as bark or coconut oil Ciung .
The first oil palm plantation was opened in 1911 in the country by the Ulu ITAM Airlines Oliepalmen Cultivation and by the King Island Airlines Huilleries de - RCMA Sumatra , North Sumatra . Then by Seumadam Cultivation Mij , Mij Cultivation Covering River , Mapoli , Cape Tile by Cultivation Palmbomen Mij , Mij Cultivation Ara Madang , Deli de Young by Huilleries Deli , and others . All the plantations are located in North Sumatra . Until 1915 , a new broad reaching their area of 2,715 ha were planted along with other kultura such as coffee , rubber , coconut and tobacco .
In 1916 had 16 companies in North Sumatra and 3 companies in Java . Then in 1920 , there have been as many as 25 companies are planting oil palm in East Sumatra , Aceh 8 and 1 in South Sumatra which Pingin Taba near Lubuk Linggau . Until 1939 has been recorded at around 66 plantations with a total area of ​​about 100,000 ha . The main airline is recorded HVA , RCMA , Socfindo , shavings Cultivation Mij , LCB Mayang , Deli Mij and Mij Cultivation Covering River .
During the Japanese occupation a bleak future for perkemabangan plantations in Indonesia , which exports stalled . And many oil palm plantations replaced with crops and factories are not running . In 1947 the gardens were returned to its original owners . Once inventoried only 47 gardens that can be rebuilt from the 66 previous gardens . Some garden suffered total destruction such as Taba and Oud Wassenar Pingin Selatan.Ophir Sumatra West Sumatra , Aceh Coral Inou and several gardens in Riau .
Due to various security threats and political upheaval of the time, the effort to rehabilitate by many owners do not bring results . This is evident from the acreage has not increased . Until 1957 , the area under oil palm is 103,000 ha with a production of 160,000 tons of palm oil . Mean productivity per hectare is very low , only 1.9 tons , whereas before the war , productivity has reached 3 tons .
Period of 1957 s / d 1968 a new era in the development of the plantation Usha . The period saw several important events , among others , 1 ) taken over or nationalized by the Dutch government plantation company on December 10, 1957 . It is implemented by the Minister of Agriculture No.229/UM/1957 . Then followed a company owned by businessman take over England , France , Belgium , America , etc. . But then returned again on December 19, 1967 . 2 ) Reorganization of state plantation companies ( PNP / PTP ) that in 1957 to 1960 with the establishment of the New VAT VAT in addition to existing Lama . Both incorporated in the year 1961 to 1962 . Furthermore, a new organization formed by commodities such as rubber , various plants , tobacco , sugar , and fiber . It runs from 1963 until 1968.
This period is a difficult time , because of technical culture and plantation management is less restrained as a result of the national economic gloom and political upheaval . And the restoration of security and political issues after crushing G - 30 - S PKI as well as the re-emergence of the spirit of building Thepeople ( planters ) mengundan lot of attention of foreign investors such as the World Bank , ADB and others to assist the construction and development of the garden .
Five Year Development Programme ( Pelita ) that began in 1968 has brought a lot of progress . Opening new areas outside the traditional areas ( North Sumatra , Aceh da Lampung ) continue to occur . Efforts to develop private estates that many displaced being conducted by the Directorate General of Plantation . By providing credit facilities from Banks, Big Oil Development Programme launched National Private Phase I in 1977-1981 ( PBSN I) . PBSN II started in 1981 till 1986 and PBSN III started in 1986 till 1989. The program runs quite well , in addition to a diversified processing ( downstream ) is also growing , so not only CPO produced but also other products such as RBD Olein , Crude stearin , Fatty Acid , etc. .
Meanwhile, the farm community have the opportunity to manage the program through oil palm plantations Company Nucleus ( PIR - Bun ) . In the PIR system , a large plantation companies as the core assigned to build and market garden produce farmers . While farmers have to manage his garden well and through the company 's core market outcome .Seeing progress and promising prospects for palm oil , currently oil palm plantations in demand by investors . Community , especially around the plantation site , with its own self also are seeking more and more palm oil . Government in an effort to improve the welfare of the people and provide employment , since 2006 has launched Plantation Revitalization Program , where palm oil is one commodity that is entered in the revitalization program . The development of oil palm will make consistent and sustainable Indonesian palm oil producer in the world number one . (Source : Oil Cyber ​​Media )